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Niebla eburnea
''Niebla eburnea '' is a fruticose lichen that grows on rocks along the foggy Pacific Coast of North America, from Mendocino County in California south to near Punta Santa Rosalillita in Baja California, and also in the Channel Islands.〔Spjut, R. W. 1996. ''Niebla'' and ''Vermilacinia'' (Ramalinaceae) from California and Baja California. Sida Bot. Misc. 14〕〔''Niebla eburnea'' reported in Spjut (1996) as far north as Sonoma County; Mendocino County report from images shown and described on Enlichment web page titled ''Niebla homalea'' (Ach.) Rundel & Bowler, not all ''Niebla homalea'' according to Spjut (1996); ''Niebla eburnea'', 1st and 12th images by Curtis Björk (Jughandle State Preserve, Mendocino County, 2011-07-09), 10th image by Jason Hollinger (Navarro State Park, 2007-02-24), a total of 14 images exhibited, 6 species represented. Other images in sequence are of ''Niebla disrupta'' (2nd & 12th images, Curtis Björk, Jughandle Preserve, 2011-07-09), ''N. homalea'' (3rd Jason Hollinger & 8th Curtis Björk images, Salt Point State Park, Jughandle State Park, 2007-02-24; 2011-07-09), ''Vermilacinia procera'' with ''Niebla testudinaria'' (4th image, Pt. Lobos St. Park), ''Vermilacinia combeoides'' (5th image), and ''Niebla cornea'' (6th, 7th & 9th images)〕 The epithet, ''eburnea'' is in reference to the ivory like appearance of the cortex.〔
==Distinguishing Features==
''Niebla eburnea'' is best recognized by the ivory-like cortex, appearing mostly smooth except for the creamy pastry-like ripples or creases, occasionally with transverse cracks; the thallus divided into subterete branches, generally half-twisted near base and often near apex, otherwise branches straight to curved, often with short elliptiform dilated segments, near apex more like the palm of the hand from which various claw-like to finger-like branchlets spread, often blackened around the base to a short distance above. Black dot-like pycnidia common along the margins, their development associated with thickened crinkled margins on the upper parts of branches and lobes. ''Niebla eburnea'' is further characterized by the presence of the lichen substance divaricatic acid, along with triterpenes and pigments concentrated near base.〔
The ivory-like cortex of ''Niebla eburnea'' is 65–125 µm thick, in contrast to that of ''Niebla cornea'', 45–60 µm thick, a similar species that also differs in having the lichen substance sekikaic acid.〔 Although ''Niebla eburnea'' can often be distinguished by its morphology, thin-layer-chromatography is a more definitive way to identify the species—by its lichen substance of divaricatic acid, with accessory triterpenes—in contrast also to ''Niebla disrupta'', which has sekikaic acid and to species in the genus ''Vermilacinia'' that lack the depsides and have distinctive terpenes not found in ''Niebla''; ''Vermilacinia laevigata'' and ''Vermilacinia procera'' are examples of species that can be confused with ''N. eburnea''.〔〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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